Keywords: cryptanalysis, stream cipher, RC4 1 Introduction RC4 is probably the most popular stream cipher that do not base on a feedback shift register. Answer: d Explanation: In September 1994, the RC4 algorithm was anonymously posted on the Internet on the Cypherpunks anonymous remailers list. RC4, a fast output-feedback cipher, is one of the most widely used cryptosystems on the Internet, commonly used as the default cipher for SSL/TLS connections [20]. It was designedby RonRivest in 1987 and kept as a trade secret until it leaked out in 1994. The key stream is completely independent of the plaintext used. Keywords: RC4, stream ciphers, random shuffle, keystream generator. The concept of RC4 is to make a permutation of the elements by swapping them to accomplish the higher randomness. But in September 1994, the RC4 algorithm was posted on the Internet on the Cypherpunks anonymous remailers list. The RC4 algorithm is remarkably simple and quite easy to explain, shown in figure 3. Till when was the RC4 algorithm kept a secret? It was designed by Ron Rivest in 1987 for RSA Data Security, Inc., and kept as a trade secret until it leaked out in 1994 and is now A variable-length key from 1 to 256 bytes (8 to 2048 bits) is used to initialize a 256-byte state vector S, with elements S[0], S[1], …, S[255]. At all software.RC4 was kept as a trade secret by RSA Security. RC4 algorithm has a variable length of key between (0-255) bytes to initialize the 256 bytes in the initial state array (State [0] to State [255]) [13]. 4. The same algorithm is used for both encryption and decryption as the data stream is simply XORed with the generated key sequence. 12. The algorithms below show KSA and PRGA steps of the RC4 algorithm: Algorithm 1. a) 1990 b) 1992 c) 1996 d) 1994 View Answer. It was developed in 1987 by Ron Rivest, but the algorithm was kept secret until 1994. On September 9, 1994, the RC4 algorithm was anonymously posted on the Internet on the Cyperpunks’ “anonymous remailers” list. oIt was developed in 1987 by Ron Rivest, but the algorithm was kept secret until 1994. oAfter this publication several weaknesses were discovered in the pseudo random sequence generated by RC4. Initially, this array is set to the identity permutation (see pseudo-code below). It uses a variable length key from 1 to 256 bit to initialize a 256-bit state table. RC4 has a secret … advertisement. RC4 ALGORITHM RC4 is a stream cipher, symmetric key algorithm. It has withstood the test of time in spite of its simplicity. An 3.6 Twofish Twofish [19] is an algorithm … The RC4 was proposed by Ron Rivest in 1987 for RSA Data Security and was kept as trade secret till 1994 when it was leaked out [4]. The algorithm can be efficiently implemented in both hardware and software. RC4 is a widely used stream cipher whose algorithm is very simple. SSL, TLS, WEP, WPA and many others. RC4 algorithm uses the concept of Block Cipher System. Ø The main idea is that RC4 is commonly used with keys of the form : … 4. RC4 is a stream cipher symmetric key algorithm. The same algorithm is used for both Among numerous applications it is used to protect Internet traffic as part of the SSL andis integratedinto MicrosoftWindows. RC4, also known as ARC4 , was kept as a trade secret until 1994, when it was posted anonymously to the cypherpunks mailing list. Today RC4 is a part of many network protocols, e.g. RC4 ALGORITHM RC4 is a stream cipher, symmetric key algorithm. Finally we show that variants of the RC4 algorithm like NGG and RC4A are also vulnerable by these techniques. a) True RC4 is the most widely used stream cipher in software applications. One of the algorithms I frequently use is the RC4. It was developed in 1987 by Ronald Rivest and kept as a trade secret by RSA Data Security. 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