Having slowly advanced over 10 days against strong Soviet resistance, the 51st Army Corps was finally in front of the three giant factories of Stalingrad: the Red October Steel Factory, the Barrikady Arms Factory and Stalingrad Tractor Factory. It aimed to break through to the Sixth Army and establish a corridor to keep it supplied and reinforced, so that, according to Hitler's order, it could maintain its "cornerstone" position on the Volga, "with regard to operations in 1943". Despite this, and with no support available from other units, the AA gunners stayed at their posts and took on the advancing panzers. "[33]:119, 127, 131, 134 The Luftwaffe was able to deliver an average of 85 tonnes of supplies per day out of an air transport capacity of 106 tonnes per day. Poor weather prevented effective air action against the Soviet offensive. The delay is thought to have delayed the advance at least one week. A common saying was: "You cannot stop an army which has done Stalingrad." These raids caused little damage and were of nuisance value only. [143][144][145], Approaching this place, [Stalingrad], soldiers used to say: ". In particular, the so-called HiWis, Soviet citizens fighting for the Germans, had no illusions about their fate if captured. [63] Women staffed a great many of the anti-aircraft batteries that fought not only the Luftwaffe but German tanks. Machine-Gewehr Bataillon (mot), Stalingrad Battle Data Project: order of battle, strength returns, interactive map, Documentary showing the recovery of numerous bodies of missing soldiers in the Stalingrad area in 2017, Stalingrad documentaries by the Army University Press, Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Stalingrad&oldid=996408722, Battles and operations of the Soviet–German War, Battles of World War II involving Romania, Battles of World War II involving Hungary, Strategic operations of the Red Army in World War II, World War II aerial operations and battles of the Eastern Front, Articles with Russian-language sources (ru), Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles needing additional references from January 2017, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2018, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2010, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2015, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Expulsion of the Axis from the Caucasus, reversing their gains from the 1942 Summer Campaign, 744 aircraft; 1,666 tanks; 5,762 guns captured. "He described the situation in very sombre terms", recorded Raus. By the end of August, Army Group South (B) had finally reached the Volga, north of Stalingrad. Army Group South had overrun the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1941. By the end of July, the Germans had pushed the Soviets across the Don River. Thus, they converted multi-floored apartment blocks, factories, warehouses, street corner residences and office buildings into a series of well defended strong-points with small 5–10-man units. The He 111 gruppen lost 165 aircraft in transport operations. "We haven't had time to deal with them yet," one of the Russians said. Lieutenant General Alexander Rodimtsev was in charge of the 13th Guards Rifle Division, and received one of two Heroes of the Soviet Union awarded during the battle for his actions. [25]:528 The expansion of objectives was a significant factor in Germany's failure at Stalingrad, caused by German overconfidence and an underestimation of Soviet reserves. Army Group South was selected for a sprint forward through the southern Russian steppes into the Caucasus to capture the vital Soviet oil fields there. Stalingrad has been described as the biggest defeat in the history of the German Army. As General Chuikov acknowledged, "Remembering the defence of Stalingrad, I can't overlook the very important question ... about the role of women in war, in the rear, but also at the front. [4]:310 So heavy were the Luftwaffe's losses that four of Luftflotte 4's transport units (KGrzbV 700, KGrzbV 900, I./KGrzbV 1 and II./KGzbV 1) were "formally dissolved. Wie sehen die Amazon Nutzerbewertungen aus? Historical Memorial Complex "To the Heroes of the Stalingrad Battle" at Mamayev Hill. Troops on both sides faced the constant strain of close-range combat. This second plan was given the name Operation Thunderclap. The Germans began using the armies of their Italian, Hungarian and Romanian allies to guard their left (northern) flank. The Soviet Air Force, the Voyenno-Vozdushnye Sily (VVS), was swept aside by the Luftwaffe. [26]:144 Stalin was expecting the main thrust of the German summer attacks to be directed against Moscow again. Amid the debris of the wrecked city, the Soviet 62nd and 64th Armies, which included the Soviet 13th Guards Rifle Division, anchored their defence lines with strong-points in houses and factories. "[61], Many women fought on the Soviet side, or were under fire. 8,314 German aircraft were produced from July–December 1942, but this could not keep pace with a three-front aerial war of attrition. Romanian forces destroyed 62 Soviet tanks on 20 November for the cost of 25 tanks of their own, followed by 65 more Soviet tanks on 22 November, for the cost of 10 tanks of their own. The 6th Army slowly starved. [98], The fighting forced a total revaluation of the German situation. Based on the information of the expert Richthofen, he declared that contrary to the example of the pocket of Demyansk the permanent supply by air would be impossible. They assembled tanks from leftover parts at the tractor factory. The starving encircled forces at Stalingrad made no attempt to break out or link up with Manstein's advance. The most famous Soviet sniper in Stalingrad was Vasily Zaytsev,[57] with 225 confirmed kills during the battle. On 31 January, regular programmes on German state radio were replaced by a broadcast of the sombre Adagio movement from Anton Bruckner's Seventh Symphony, followed by the announcement of the defeat at Stalingrad. A handful of senior officers were taken to Moscow and used for propaganda purposes, and some of them joined the National Committee for a Free Germany. [64] Soviet nurses not only treated wounded personnel under fire but were involved in the highly dangerous work of bringing wounded soldiers back to the hospitals under enemy fire. While a motorised breakout might have been possible in the first few weeks, the 6th Army now had insufficient fuel and the German soldiers would have faced great difficulty breaking through the Soviet lines on foot in harsh winter conditions. Soviet forces reached the entrance to the German headquarters in the ruined GUM department store. Packages that include this game. Every day! Thinly spread, deployed in exposed positions, outnumbered and poorly equipped, the Romanian 3rd Army, which held the northern flank of the German 6th Army, was overrun. Wir haben uns dem Ziel angenommen, Varianten verschiedenster Variante ausführlichst zu testen, sodass potentielle Käufer schnell den Sturmovik battle of stalingrad sich aneignen können, den Sie zu Hause für gut befinden. The Axis suffered 647,300 – 968,374 total casualties (killed, wounded or captured) among all branches of the German armed forces and its allies: 235,000 German and allied troops in total, from all units, including Manstein's ill-fated relief force, were captured during the battle.[116]. There is a hope of clearing North Africa of Germans in the near future... Russia is scoring wonderful successes in Southern Russia. [33]:159, 166–67, On 23 December, the attempt to relieve Stalingrad was abandoned and Manstein's forces switched over to the defensive to deal with new Soviet offensives. A year of German gains during Case Blue had been wiped out. This would include the subsequent breakout of Sixth Army, in the event of a successful first phase, and its physical reincorporation in Army Group Don. Poised in Eastern Ukraine, it was to spearhead the offensive. The armies in the area were also poorly equipped in terms of anti-tank weapons. Anton Joly, Stalingrad Battle Atlas, Volume II (2017), 178-302. (1990). The actions resulted in more than 200,000 Soviet Army casualties but did slow the German assault. David Glantz, Armageddon in Stalingrad, The Stalingrad Trilogy Volume II (2009), 380–383. Stalin was feted as the hero of the hour and made a Marshal of the Soviet Union. The 62nd Army had been cut in two and, due to intensive air attack on its supply ferries, was receiving much less material support. But in its defensive position on the Volga, the 6th Army continued to tie down a significant number of Soviet Armies. Under his command were the twenty German and two Romanian divisions encircled at Stalingrad, Adam's battle groups formed along the Chir River and on the Don bridgehead, plus the remains of the Romanian 3rd Army. [41] The soldiers found about ten Soviet civilians hiding in the basement. Rokossovsky's letter also stressed that Paulus' men were in an untenable situation. The situation of the Romanian tanks is known, however. [109], The central pocket, under the command of Heitz, surrendered the same day, while the northern pocket, under the command of General Karl Strecker, held out for two more days. at Stalingrad – Catherine Merridale notes that, seemingly paradoxically, "their response was frequently relief. By 12 September, at the time of their retreat into the city, the Soviet 62nd Army had been reduced to 90 tanks, 700 mortars and just 20,000 personnel. Bitter fighting raged for every ruin, street, factory, house, basement, and staircase. On 23 August the 6th Army reached the outskirts of Stalingrad in pursuit of the 62nd and 64th Armies, which had fallen back into the city. This slowed the German advance and reduced the effectiveness of the German advantage in supporting fire.[54]. Only forty dead Soviet fighters were found, though the Germans had thought there were many more due to the intensity of resistance. On 30 January 1943, the tenth anniversary of his coming to power, Hitler chose not to speak. These forces were also lacking in effective anti-tank weapons. This Army Group was created on 21 November 1942 from parts of Army Group B in order for it to hold the line between. Hitler told Goebbels that the plight of the 6th Army was a "heroic drama of German history. Field Marshal Erich von Manstein advised Hitler not to order the 6th Army to break out, stating that he could break through the Soviet lines and relieve the besieged 6th Army. Positions were taken individually, but the Germans were never able to capture the key crossing points along the river bank. [33]:28, 30, 40, 48, 57. Without any soldiers to defend the airfield, it was abandoned under heavy fire; in a little under an hour, 108 Ju 52s and 16 Ju 86s took off for Novocherkassk – leaving 72 Ju 52s and many other aircraft burning on the ground. [1]:74 The Soviets continued to pour aerial reinforcements into the Stalingrad area in late September, but continued to suffer appalling losses; the Luftwaffe had complete control of the skies. The LVII Panzer Corps, commanded by General Friedrich Kirchner, had been weak at first. Army Group B was in disarray and faced strong Soviet pressure across all its fronts. [30], The Soviets realised their critical situation, ordering everyone who could hold a rifle into the fight.[31]:94. Behind the front lines, no preparations had been made to defend key points in the rear such as Kalach. On 22 January, Rokossovsky once again offered Paulus a chance to surrender. The director of Luftflotte 4, Wolfram von Richthofen, tried to get this decision overturned. [40]:25, 48 Beyond the Volga River on the eastern boundary of Stalingrad, additional Soviet units were formed into the 62nd Army under Lieutenant General Vasiliy Chuikov on 11 September 1942. [1]:122 The exact number of civilians killed is unknown but was most likely very high. Writing in his diary on 1 January 1943, British General Alan Brooke, Chief of the Imperial General Staff, reflected on the change in the position from a year before: I felt Russia could never hold, Caucasus was bound to be penetrated, and Abadan (our Achilles heel) would be captured with the consequent collapse of Middle East, India, etc. In autumn, the Soviet generals Georgy Zhukov and Aleksandr Vasilevsky, responsible for strategic planning in the Stalingrad area, concentrated forces in the steppes to the north and south of the city. The battle degenerated into house-to-house fighting, as both sides poured reinforcements into the city. [40]:280 General Walther von Seydlitz-Kurzbach offered to raise an anti-Hitler army from the Stalingrad survivors, but the Soviets did not accept. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBeevor1999 (, Alexander Werth, Russia at War 1941–1945, New York, E. P. Dutton & Co, Inc., 1964, p. 562. Meanwhile, the Hungarian 2nd Army and the German 4th Panzer Army had launched an assault on Voronezh, capturing the city on 5 July. [28]:142[129][130] The Red Army had the initiative, and the Wehrmacht was in retreat. The attacking Soviet units under the command of Gen. Nikolay Vatutin consisted of three complete armies, the 1st Guards Army, 5th Tank Army and 21st Army, including a total of 18 infantry divisions, eight tank brigades, two motorised brigades, six cavalry divisions and one anti-tank brigade. At this point, the Don and Volga Rivers are only 65 km (40 mi) apart, and the Germans left their main supply depots west of the Don, which had important implications later in the course of the battle. The 369th (Croatian) Reinforced Infantry Regiment was the only non-German unit[44] selected by the Wehrmacht to enter Stalingrad city during assault operations. Alles erdenkliche was auch immer du also beim Begriff Sturmovik battle of stalingrad erfahren wolltest, findest du auf unserer Website - sowie die ausführlichsten Sturmovik battle of stalingrad Vergleiche. "Stalingrad anniversary: 70 years on, Russian city still gives up its WWII dead", "Russia marks 70th anniversary of Stalingrad battle", Enemy at the Gates: The Battle for Stalingrad, Military History Research Office (Germany), Adolf Hitler's Proclamation on the 10th Anniversary of Coming to Power (30 January 1943), Stalingrad battle Newsreels // Net-Film Newsreels and Documentary Films Archive, Story of the Stalingrad battle with pictures, maps, video and other primary and secondary sources, Volgograd State Panoramic Museum official homepage, The Battle of Stalingrad in Film and History, Stalingrad-info.com, Russian archival docs translated into English, original battle maps, aerial photos, pictures taken at the battlefields, relics collection, H-Museum: Stalingrad/Volgograd 1943–2003. During the preparations for the attack, Marshal Zhukov personally visited the front and noticing the poor organisation, insisted on a one-week delay in the start date of the planned attack. Similarly, Operation Wilhelm attacked Voltshansk on 13 June, and Operation Fridericus attacked Kupiansk on 22 June.[33]. Toward the end of the battle, the gigantic railroad gun nicknamed Dora was brought into the area. Ivan's War (New York: 2006), 156. Most notably, he promoted Paulus to the rank of Generalfeldmarschall. "[96], The toll on the Transportgruppen was heavy. During the defence of Stalingrad, the Red Army deployed five armies in and around the city (28th, 51st, 57th, 62nd and 64th Armies); and an additional nine armies in the encirclement counteroffensive[41]:435–438 (24th, 65th, 66th Armies and 16th Air Army from the north as part of the Don Front offensive, and 1st Guards Army, 5th Tank, 21st Army, 2nd Air Army and 17th Air Army from the south as part of the Southwestern Front). Stalingrad pocket risk for all German forces in the `` cauldron '' required 700 of! Pace with a three-front aerial war of attrition were not relieved, and staircase Artikel entsprechen... 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